Showing posts with label early intervention. Show all posts
Showing posts with label early intervention. Show all posts

Show And Tell: Hog Wild Poppers

My sister, who is a Pediatric Occupational Therapist, called me one day to tell me about these awesome toys she just got.  They sounded like fun, so I got on amazon, and bought a couple.  They're called Hog Wild Poppers.

Clear Horizons Academy, the school I am going to start teaching at in Fall 2013, asked if I would come and do a pre-writing activity with some of the kids so that they could see my teaching style.  I decided to use the popper toys as a fun activity.

To get ready for the activity, I made some shapes and put them on manila folders.  You could do letters, numbers, word recognition, nouns, verbs, anything you're working on with receptive language really.  If you fold the back part of the folder up, it makes for a nice little stand.

I showed the kids the folders, and I had them trace the shapes with their fingers.  Then I set them up as targets.  I would tell them what shapes to hit, and they would try to hit them with the poppers.  Some kids needed the activity adapted more than others, but it's easy to do.

There's so many different activities you could do with these, and I think it would be fun for kids that are older than preschool as well.

So here are just some of the reasons why these toys are so awesome, and how they can help with child development.

  • First, who doesn't love shooting balls across the room.  They're engaging and fun, and can keep the kids attention.
  • Color/Shape identification
  • Making choices-I had them choose which color ball they wanted, and which animal they wanted to use
  • Taking Turns-We took turns shooting the balls
  • Fine Motor Strength
    • Squeezing the poppers to strengthen hands
    • Manipulating small objects (balls) 
  • Thumb Opposition
    • Squeezing the poppers
  • Crossing midline
    • Placing objects of the opposite side of the body for them to reach for (some kids had a hard time crossing midline, so I would purposely do a little playful obstruction and make them reach a couple times across midline before I would give them the ball, especially if they would switch hands when I crossed midline)
    • Tracing large shapes
  • Pinser Grasp
    • Picking up the small balls and placing them in the poppers
  • Finger Isolation
    • Tracing shapes with their pointer finger
    • Using one finger to push the ball in place
  • Eye-hand coordination
    • Hitting a target with the ball using the poppers
  • Bilateral Coordination
    • Squeezing the poppers with both hands
    • Holding the popper with one hand while putting the ball in with the other
  • Upper Body Strength
    • Laying on their tummies while playing the game
  • Motor Sequencing
    • Following the sequence of events to hit the targets
      • Getting the ball
      • Putting it in the popper
      • Aiming at a target
      • Squeezing the animal to shoot the popper
Some warnings:  
  • This toy is not meant for kids under 3, it has small parts.  
  • Some kids will look at the toy while squeezing it, it shoots pretty hard, so you'll want to be careful of that.  Especially for kids who don't quite understand cause and effect.
Here's a list of some of the different poppers I found on Amazon.  Hope you have fun!
Utah PLAY Project Home Consultant
Early Childhood Services for Kids With Autism

Communication and Autism

On Monday I focused on the area of Social Interactions in regards to the DSM IV (how autism is diagnosed.)  Today I'm would like to continue on to Communication.  As I said in my last post, just because someone has some of these characteristics, does not necessarily mean they have autism.  They must also meet the criteria in the areas of Social Interaction and Repetitive Behaviors.

According to the DSM IV, at least one of the following are present.

  • Delay in or total lack of, the development of spoken language (also without gestural communication)
  • Individuals with adequate speech have a marked impairment in the ability to initiate or sustain conversations
  • Stereotyped and repetitive use of language or idiosyncratic language
  • Lack of varied, spontaneous make-believe play or social imitative play appropriate to developmental level
Spoken Language and Gestural Language.  Many times the lack of spoken language is the most obvious sign for parents that their child may have delays.  Typically, kids should have several  consistent words they are using by 18 months.  You would start seeing more gestural communication, like pointing, around 14 months.  Here is a great blog about language development (Playing With Words 365), and particularly, here is a post about red flags in communication.  It gives some great timelines on language development.

Initiating and Sustaining Conversations.  There are some kiddos who have tons of words they know, but making their words functional can be more difficult.  Conversations are a give and take process, we build relationships when we have good conversations.  Some kids may know how to talk, but they do not participate in a back and forth interactions with others.  Some kids are good at responding, and will answer questions, but will not go further than that.  Others will initiate, but will rarely let others respond, thus they are very good at the giving part, but not so much at the taking part.

Stereotyped and Repetitive Language.  Some parents will report that their children speak in movie quotes.  Sometimes it's in context with the situation, but a lot of times it is not.  Some kids may get fixated on certain phrases and will repeat them continuously.  Other kids will repeat what you say or other things they hear, this is called echolalia.  Echolalia includes when they immediately repeat what they hear, or they may also repeat what they heard hours ago.

Make-believe Play or Social Imitative Play.  Make-believe can be difficult for some kids with autism because it involves an understanding of what other people are feeling and doing.  It also requires imitation skills.  When playing with others in pretend play, this skill also requires that the child is able to see the points of view of other people and explain his/her point of view to them to create the experience that they want.  Many kids with autism prefer to play on their own, and may focus more on sensory type play.

Joy Mano
Utah PLAY Project Home Consultant
Early Intervention Services for Children with Autism



photo credit: Diego Dalmaso via photopin cc

Symptoms of Autism

We are all different.  Agreed?  Yes, we may have some similarities, but we are still very different.  The person that I am probably the most like is my best friend, sometimes it's scary how much we think alike.  But, we are still very different.  One big difference is our career paths, I work with kids with autism and she is an accountant.  My sister-in-law is an identical twin, yes her and her sister look very similar, but they are very different.

What does this have to do with the symptoms of autism?  Well, I just want to emphasize that just because two people have the same diagnosis, they are individuals and are most likely very different from one another.  And although two people may have deficits in the area of communication does not mean that their deficits look the same.  It's a spectrum.  The diagnosis of autism is based on observation, and to be diagnosed with autism, the individual does not need to have 100% of the symptoms.

There are 3 common areas that are affected in individuals with autism.  They include social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors.  I will go into more detail about each area in upcoming posts.  If you have any concerns though, please contact your doctor.

Whether your child has a diagnosis or not, the thing that I think is important is that you find out where your child needs the most help and you put your efforts there.  I believe that individualizing the treatment is far more important than saying autism=a specific type of intervention.  There is not yet a cure for autism, BUT there are a lot of interventions that can help an individual improve and gain skills to be able to function more fully in this crazy/wonderful world we all live in.

Joy Mano
Utah PLAY Project Home Consultant
Early Intervention Services for Children with Autism

photo credit: read4thefunofit via 
photo credit: superhua via photopin cc
photopin cc photo credit: jshj via photopin cc

Show and Tell - TOMY Gears


The TOMY Gearation Building Toy has always been a favorite in my preschool class.  Yes, you have to be careful because it can also turn into a toy that some kiddos will turn into a self-stimming toy, but overall it's a great toy.  This isn't necessarily a great toy for "following a child's lead" or PLAY Project, but I still like it for other reasons.

Reasons I like this toy:
  • You can make different designs/connections with the gears.
  • Some of the gears do fun things like make noises or have parts that flip.
  • It can be a great reinforcer by giving one piece at a time when you're doing more discrete trial type teaching.
  • You can give a child a choice between two pieces.
  • You can hoard the gears and work on requesting by the child.
  • You can take pictures of the gears, and then do a matching game where the child has to find the matching piece to put on.
  • You have to do some problem solving if not all the gears are moving.
Joy Mano
Utah PLAY Project Home Consultant
Early Intervention Services for Children with Autism


Why Early Intervention Is So Important


Whether your child has autism or not, it is important to understand the red flags (this link goes to Autism Speaks, which is a great site to check out.)

Why should all parents understand the red flags of autism?  Autism is generally not diagnosed until 18  months and sometimes (a lot of times) it's not diagnosed until age 3.  I believe that Early Intervention is huge!  And the earlier you start, the better it is for your child.  Here's my plug for the P.L.A.Y. Project.  Because the P.L.A.Y. Project is based on functional developmental levels, and the intervention is all about play and relationships, it can be used with any child whether they have autism or not.  So if you're concerned at an early age, even if your child has no diagnosis, you can get started with some intervention.

So why is Early Intervention so important?  Think of all the things that a child learns between the ages of 0-6.  The brain is has the highest rate of growth in those first 6 years of life.  We want to take advantage of that.  Kids will have a natural progression, but if we are able to add to it with methods and techniques that will help them grow in the right direction, then let's do it!

I'll be honest, before I started working in Early Intervention and Preschool, I had no idea that it was important.  I was used to working with adults, I had never looked into Early Intervention before.  I think a lot of people are in the same boat, if they've never had a need, then they never had a reason to look into it.  As the legislature seems to be cutting more funds from Early Intervention programs, I realize that they don't understand it either.  The more we put into the early education of our kids with special needs, the less they will need as they get older.  It doesn't mean that they won't need anything as they get older, but they will need less because they will gain valuable skills at a younger age that they can take with them.

By law, if your child qualifies for special education services, you will receive it for free within your school district if you are living in the United States.  If you are having concerns about your child development, google your school district's Early Intervention program and make an appointment.  Sometimes there's a wait to get in for an appointment, so the earlier you do it, the better.

Schools are great, and I loved teaching in the school setting.  There are always going to be limits, no matter how much you wish there weren't.  Schools need to show that they are giving a Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE), they do not need to show that they are performing miracles.  There will be times when you may want more intervention or therapies for your child, and that's great.  That's when programs like mine come into play.

There are a lot of therapies out there for children with autism, and it can be overwhelming and confusing.  I have had the opportunity to become familiar with a variety of interventions, and I honestly feel that with kids on the spectrum being so different from one another, you have to find out what will work for you.  I personally chose The P.L.A.Y. Project (Play and Language for Autistic Youngsters) because I like the idea of the parents being the therapists.  I like that it focuses on relationships, which is one of the core deficits of autism.  I like that it focuses mostly on family relationships.  I also feel that some of the other interventions also have their strengths, and I'm all for that.

Two of the main interventions for autism are Behavioral and Developmental.  Check out my post Autism Therapies Comparison if you missed it.

Joy Mano
Utah PLAY Project Home Consultant
Early Intervention Services for Children with Autism

photo credit: hlkljgk via photopin cc

Autism Meeting in Weber County, Utah

I have been invited to present at a parent meeting in Weber County, Utah on March 27, 2013.  Please join us!  It's free for anyone interested in attending.

Also, if you are in the Salt Lake area, don't forget to check out my Community Ed Class I'll be teaching in April.

Here's a flyer for what's coming up in Weber County.

Grocery Shopping Intervention for Kids With Autism


My last post addressed why grocery trips can be difficult for a child with autism.  Now let's discuss a few techniques that can be used to make grocery trips more successful.

First, let's define success.  What does that mean to you?  To each family it will probably be something different.  This is like writing IEP goals for the grocery store :)

Here are some ideas (try to keep them with positive verbiage, rather than focusing on what you don't want to happen):
  • When we go to the grocery store we will have inside voices the whole trip.  
    • This is actually not specific enough, you may need to define how long the trip is going to be.  And then ask yourself if that's realistic.
  • When we go to the grocery store we will keep our hands in the cart at all times.
    • Once again, you'll want to define for how long.  Are you expecting your child to do this for 10 minutes or 2 hours?  And what is realistic.
  • When we go to the grocery store we will keep our clothes on.
Ok, you get the picture.  Figure out your expectations.

Next step is to create successful experiences.  If you know that your child generally keeps a quiet voice for the first half of the grocery trip, and then starts yelling half way through, go with that.  Go to the store for half the time.  Make intentional trips to the store, not with the intention of getting everything on your list, but with the intention of making the trip "successful" for your child.  

The purpose of these trips is not to check things off your list, the purpose is to have a positive experience with your child at the grocery store.  They need to know what it feels like to be successful.  Obviously, there are days that you need to get your groceries, these are not the trips I'm talking about right now.   These are the planned teaching moments to the store.

Here's some tips
  • Make a short trip to the store (less than 5 minutes) to get maybe just one item.
  • Talk about what you're going to do before you go (even if your child is non-verbal, this is still an important step) If you have a social story, or even pictures of what you're going to do, visuals are always great.  You can go over this story throughout the week, the day of, in the car before ou get out, however much prep you think your child needs.
    • We are going to walk into the store and we will find the aisle with the bread.  
      • Take the picture of bread with you so you can remind your child what you're getting, or so that he/she can help you find it.
    • We'll need to remember to use our inside voices in the store.
    • Then we'll go to the cash register to pay for the bread.
    • And then we will go home in the car.
    • Then stick to the plan.
  • Keep your attention on your child, interacting with him/her as you walk to get that item
  • If you normally want your child in a cart when you're shopping, you'll still want them to be in the cart even if you're buying just one thing.  Try to make things the same as they would be if it were a long shopping trip, because this is a learning experience for them.
  • Compliment your child on the positive behavior you are seeing and looking for
    • "I really like how you're talking with your inside voice."
    • "You are walking so nicely, I love it!"
    • Saying "good job" is not specific enough, they need to know what exactly it is that they're doing that you like.  They're more likely to do it again in the future if they know.
  • Go during the day when you know lines/wait time will be short.
  • As you are leaving the store, praise, praise, PRAISE your child.
    • "You did so great!  I am so proud of you for keeping your inside voice the whole time we were in the store!"
  • In the car, praise your child.
  • When you get home, brag about your child to your family!
  • Did I mention to use positive reinforcement?  :)
  • After the successful trip, go do a fun activity...while praising your child about what they just accomplished.
  • Disclaimer:  Using tangibles (like a treat from the store) can be dangerous, not for the moment but for the future.  If you start to reinforce your child by buying them something they want from the store they may expect it every time, and it may cause future meltdowns when you have to say no.
Repeat the process.  Repeat this experience on another day, but go for a few minutes longer, get 2-3 items instead of just one.  Increase the time you are in the store after each successful trip.

If your 5 minute trip is unsuccessful, revamp your plan.  Does your trip need to be a walk in the door, say hi to the greeter, and leave?  It's ok if it does.  You have to start somewhere.  Even if your trip is unsuccessful, please still praise your child for the things that they did right.  For every negative thing a child hears, they should hear AT LEAST 4 positives.

Joy Mano
Utah P.L.A.Y. Project Home Consultant
Early Intervention Treatment for Children with Autism

photo credit: onenjen via photopin cc

Teaching Imitation Skills Through Music


Think about all of the things you learned by watching someone else do it.  For me it's easier to see someone do it so I can imitate what I saw.  We learn so much through imitation!  From a very young age that's how we start to learn.  Now let's take that away.  Let's say you don't know how to imitate.  How do you learn how to communicate?  How do you learn how to speak?  How do you learn how do a puzzle?  How do you learn to read?  How do you learn?  Granted there are definitely some skills that kids learn without ever seeing it done before, but how much do we learn through imitation?

Teaching a child with autism can be a challenge because many children with autism do not have imitation skills.  Why is that?  Well, it starts with their interest in others.  If a child rarely looks at you, or if they just give fleeting eye contact, it can be hard to get them to imitate something you are doing.  

Music is a powerful tool.  Many kids are interested in rhythm and music.  It can be a great teaching technique.  It's great for teaching kids to stay in their seats, to be able to tolerate sitting next to someone, to be able to attend to an activity for an extended period of time, to teach imitation skills, etc.

This was one of my favorite songs to sing with the kids right before it was time to wash their hands.  It helped them transition, and we used it for learning certain vocabulary, especially body parts, clothes, actions, and emotions.  It was also great for learning how to imitate our actions.

To the tune of London Bridges

Everybody clap your hands, clap your hands, clap your hands
Everybody clap your hands, do what I'm doing.

Easy!  Then we would add things like
  • Everybody spin around
  • Everybody cry like me
  • Everybody touch your shoes
And we would end with
  • Everybody wash your hands
Joy Mano
Utah PLAY Project Home Consultant
Early Childhood Intervention for Children With Autism

Celebrating the Big and Little Things

As a society, we like to compare.  We like to see what other people have, what they're doing, or what they look like, and we like to compare.  Sometimes we compare others to others, but a lot of times we compare ourselves to others.  And how do we compare?  Many times we compare our weaknesses to someone else's strengths.  It's not a fair comparison.  And what is the result?  The result tends to be an attack on ones self esteem.  We think we're not good enough, we're never going to measure up, or we have no worth.  How horrible is that!

What happens when this mentality reaches our children?  And what happens when they are not able to achieve the "goals" that we or our society think they should have already accomplished?  It leads to frustration, disappointment, and can attack self worth or self esteem.

How can we be encouraging, uplifting, and optimistic when our goals are not being reached as quickly as we'd like.  It's easy to celebrate when we get to our end goals because we have an image in our head of what that will be like, so when we get there it's easy to recognize.  It's harder to recognize the many accomplishments in between.

As I work with parents, frustrations and disappointments seem to lessen as they learn to acknowledge all of their child's accomplishments.  As they learn to recognize the in between accomplishments, it turns into a big deal, celebrations are had, and in turn it increases self worth and self esteem.

Here is an example of breaking things down and recognizing many other accomplishments that will lead us to the desired goal.  I have had students in the past when we are sitting down to make some goals, the parents express that they would like their child to be able to say their ABCs, colors, and shapes.  These are important skills, and they are skills that most pre-schoolers and kindergarteners are beginning to learn.  My concern was that their child was not yet communicating, or if they were talking, oftentimes the language was not functional.

So, although naming ABCs, colors, and shapes are an important skill for a young child, there are many steps in between that we needed to focus on.  Here are just a few (not in any particular order), and each one of these would be worthy of a celebration.
  • Increased eye contact (showing an interest in others)
  • Joint Attention (shared focus on an object with another individual)
  • Showing interest in their environment
  • A desire to share something they are excited about with someone else (i.e., a toy, something they see, something they did, etc.)
  • Imitating simple motor actions in various settings (not just when instructed to do so, but in the natural environment as well)
  • Initiating through gestures and/or words
  • Responding through gestures and/or words
  • Paying attention to someone talking
  • Following one-step directions
  • Imitating sounds
  • Matching/sorting 
  • Pointing to objects when named
Some of these things could be broken down to even smaller steps.  The point is that we have so much to celebrate, but some times it takes work to recognize those small steps that come before the big goal.  When you have a child with autism, or a child with a developmental delay, there tends to be things that you see that other parents take for granted.  A lot of those things that are generally taken for granted are the things that a parent of a child with disabilities will learn to celebrate.  There is so much to celebrate, and acknowledging all of those accomplishments is important for the child and for the parents.

Joy Mano
Utah PLAY Project Home Consultant
Early Childhood Program for Children With Autism

photo credit: Ben McLeod via photopin cc

Notes from Temple Grandin's presentation

Temple Grandin spoke at the Utah Autism and Aspberger's Conference last week on November 30, 2012 in Provo Utah.  When she began her presentation, she started by talking about the importance of Early Intervention.  She said "the worst thing you can do is wait." "I cannot emphasize the importance of early intervention and one on one interactions."

Temple Grandin was diagnosed with autism when she was 2 years old.  She attended a structured nursery school which she feels helped her early in life.  When talking about her early life and her recommendations, Temple Grandin said:

  • A good teacher is gently insistent
  • Early intervention is essential
  • Children should have a minimum of 20 hours weekly of one to one teaching
She went on to talk about the different sensory issues and how these systems can be affected in every day life, and especially in learning.  Temple said "my mind works like Google for Images."  This is part of the reason she has been so successful in her line of work.  She continued to say:
  • All my thinking uses specific examples to create concepts
  • It is bottom up thinking and not top down thinking
  • I learn ALL concepts using specific examples
Many people with autism have difficulties with generalization of skills.  Temple said for her the more experiences she would have the more information she could put in her database (in her head) and the more she could make those generalizations.  She explained "It is memorization and scripting, but as more information is memorized, it can be assembled into more and more categories which will help thinking to become more flexible.

It was a great presentation, and I was glad I was able to go.  I think one of the things that surprised me and will help me have more empathy for some of the children I work with is she said "Fear is the main emotion in autism.  My amygdala (fear center) is three times larger."  I don't think that many people understand this fact, we don't understand why some kids react the way they do.  Their fear may be 3 times larger than another child their age.  We need to help them feel safe so that they can experience things and learn without that added stress.  This is one of the reasons that Temple invented the squeeze machine.  This helped her to be able to control the deep pressure that she needed and "helped reduce anxiety and panic attacks."

Temple Grandin has many books available, and there is also a movie that came out in 2010.

Here is a list of her books


Here is the DVD
Temple Grandin


Joy Mano
Utah P.L.A.Y. Project Home Consultant
Early Childhood Autism Intervention


The Autism Difference

One of the many great things about our world is that everyone is different.  Everyone has different traits and talents.  Even my friends and family that are twins are different than their siblings.  We may have similarities but we also have our differences.

Autism is no different.  There are so many different types of autism, people are affected differently by autism, and no two people are exactly the same.  They may have similarities, but they also have their differences.

There is a common saying "if you know one child with autism...you know one child with autism."

There are obviously similarities in people diagnosed with autism, however their symptoms may display themselves differently. There are 3 common areas that are affected in people with autism.  Those areas include:

Blog

Hi!
I've decided to start a blog on my website to give information on things like early intervention, preschool, autism, special education, community activities, and general childhood development.  If you have requests on topics you'd like me to post about, feel free to send me a message.

Thanks!

Joy Mano
Utah P.L.A.Y. Project Home Consultant
Early Childhood Autism Intervention